每日原版杂志词汇速记课 Day 1
一、原文部分
From an evolutionary perspective, that seems surprising. Exposing newborns to such bacteria-laden excrement looks risky. Yet no mechanism has arisen to stop it happening. Evidence is mounting, moreover, that far from being harmful, this exposure is actually important for the development of the child’s immune system. Interaction with the multitude of microscopic organisms a baby picks up when it is born helps that system to learn friend from foe. Without it, immune disorders like allergies and type-1 diabetes may follow. Components of the gut flora are also involved in digesting certain foodstuffs containing complex carbohydrates, and an unbalance in the relevant microbial mix is implicated in obesity.
二、词汇部分
1. Excrement /ˈekskrɪmənt/ n. 粪便;排泄物
前缀:ex-向外
联想:cre—increase 增加
后缀:ment 名词后缀
2. Microscopic /ˌmaɪkrəˈskɒpɪk/ adj. 微小的;需用显微镜观察的
前缀:micro- 微小
词根:scop- 范围,看
后缀:-ic 形容词后缀
3. Carbohydrate /ˌkɑːbəʊˈhaɪdreɪt/ n. 碳水化合物;糖类
词根:carbo-碳
词根:hydr- 水
后缀:-ate 名词后缀
4. Implicated /ˈɪmplɪkeɪtɪd/ 牵涉其中的; 负有责任的
前缀:im- 向内
词根:plic- 折叠
后缀:-ated 形容词后缀
5. Obesity /oʊˈbiːsəti/ n. 肥大,肥胖
前缀:ob- 加强语气
词根:es- 表示ed- 吃(eat)
后缀:-ity 名词后缀
三、翻译部分
从进化的角度看,这似乎令人意外。让新生儿接触这种充满细菌的排泄物看起来很危险,但人体并没有产生什么机制来阻止它发生。此外,越来越多的证据表明这种接触不仅无害,实际上对新生儿免疫系统的发育很重要。出生时接触多种微生物能帮助新生儿的免疫系统学习分清敌友。如果没有这种接触,以后可能就会出现诸如过敏和1型糖尿病等免疫性疾病。肠道菌群中的一些细菌也参与消化某些含有复杂碳水化合物的食物,这种微生物群组合中的失衡与过度肥胖有关联。
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