1)vomit (fomal 正式)
e.g. The patient vomited all over the floor. 病人吐了一地。
2)throw up (phrasal verb 动词短语)
e.g. My roommate came home drunk and threw up everywhere. 我室友回来时候很醉了,吐的到处都是。
3)puke (slang 俚语)
e.g. I don't feel well. I think I'm gonna puke. 我感觉不太舒服。我觉得我要吐了。